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Its origin is to be found in the seventeenth century, when the peasants and mountain areas around Florence came to town to celebrate the Nativity of the Virgin Mary at the Basilica of the Santissima Annunziata. On this occasion, in the square and in the streets around the church was organized a fair-market. In order to get a good seat, where to sell their products, such as cheese, mushrooms, yarns they were from home many hours before and at night they lighted their way with lanterns hung on bestoni. Once in the city, some groups of young Florentines teased the peasants, especially women, perhaps dressed so certainly not elegant and styled in an eccentric and a bit ridiculous way. Some young people threw the watermelon rinds against these lanterns to make them burn.With years for the 7th September the custom remained to compose the lanterns with the features of the peasant.In our days there are some traces of the origin of the festival, as the market in Piazza Santissima Annunziata, the Fierucola of bread, where you can buy organic products and handicrafts of small farms in the area, and as a bonfire of lanterns burn with precise shoots blowgun.
In the days preceding the festival, the children and young people have fun building your own rificolona, that is a model of a colored paper, various shapes, strange and unique, with a little light inside, on the top of a pole .The festival in Florence is divided into two evenings: the 6th September the festival takes place along the River Arno with parades of lanterns illuminated boats, really impressive, and the 7th September there is the parade from Piazza Santa Croce to Piazza Santissima Annunziata.
"Ona, Ona, ma che bella rificolona......" questo vecchio stornello riecheggia fra le strade di Firenze e San Giovanni Valdarno la serata del 7 settembre, vigilia della Natività di Maria.
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Con gli anni e' rimasta l'usanza per il 7 settembre di comporre delle lanterne con le fattezze delle campagnole.
Ai nostri giorni sono rimaste alcune tracce dell'origine della festa, come il mercato in Piazza Santissima Annunziata, la Fierucola del pane, dove si possono acquistare prodotti biologici e artigianali delle piccole aziende agricole della zona, ed il falò delle rificolone fatte incendiare con precisi tiri di cerbottana.
Nei giorni precedenti alla festa i bambini ed i giovani si divertono a costruìre la propria rificolona, vale a dire un modellino di carta colorata, dalle forme più svariate, bizzarre e particolari, con un lumicino all'interno, posto in cima ad un'asta.
La festa a Firenze si sviluppa in due serate: il 6 settembre la festa si svolge lungo l'Arno con la sfilate delle rificolone su barche illuminate, davvero suggestivo, ed il 7 settembre si svolge la sfilata da Piazza Santa Croce a Piazza Santissima Annunziata.